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U.S. work-from-home participation by state

State-level work-from-home commuting estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey.

Latest finding

15.0% of workers in the state estimates worked from home

What changed: The 2024 ACS 5-year release adds comparable work-from-home commuting estimates for 52 states and state-equivalent areas.

State-summed work-from-home share15%Release value
Workers represented160,233,589Release value
Release chartBy stateShowing 12 of 52 categories; the complete chart appears with the table below.
33%District of Columbia
0%10%20%30%40%District of ColumbiaDistrict of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia: 33%33%ColoradoColoradoColorado: 21%21%WashingtonWashingtonWashington: 19.8%19.8%MarylandMarylandMaryland: 19.3%19.3%OregonOregonOregon: 19%19%MassachusettsMassachusettsMassachusetts: 18.6%18.6%ArizonaArizonaArizona: 18.4%18.4%VirginiaVirginiaVirginia: 18.3%18.3%MinnesotaMinnesotaMinnesota: 17.6%17.6%UtahUtahUtah: 17.6%17.6%CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia: 17.2%17.2%VermontVermontVermont: 16.9%16.9%PercentCategory
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Breakdown

By state

Chart viewDistrict of Columbia: 33%
Measure
0%10%20%30%40%District of ColumbiaDistrict of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia: 33%33%ColoradoColoradoColorado: 21%21%WashingtonWashingtonWashington: 19.8%19.8%MarylandMarylandMaryland: 19.3%19.3%OregonOregonOregon: 19%19%MassachusettsMassachusettsMassachusetts: 18.6%18.6%ArizonaArizonaArizona: 18.4%18.4%VirginiaVirginiaVirginia: 18.3%18.3%MinnesotaMinnesotaMinnesota: 17.6%17.6%UtahUtahUtah: 17.6%17.6%CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia: 17.2%17.2%VermontVermontVermont: 16.9%16.9%New HampshireNew HampshireNew Hampshire: 16.8%16.8%New JerseyNew JerseyNew Jersey: 16.8%16.8%PercentCategory
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By state
keylabelpercentworkerswork from home
11District of Columbia33373,183123,146
08Colorado213,074,682645,882
53Washington19.83,787,614749,107
24Maryland19.33,127,685604,400
41Oregon192,025,499384,471
25Massachusetts18.63,629,298676,607
04Arizona18.43,379,754620,550
51Virginia18.34,327,663793,064
27Minnesota17.62,939,889517,984
49Utah17.61,689,998297,541
06California17.218,371,9333,154,824
50Vermont16.9332,50156,230
33New Hampshire16.8734,959123,687
34New Jersey16.84,582,367770,990
37North Carolina16.35,084,515831,069
09Connecticut161,814,693291,021
13Georgia15.95,149,633819,556
17Illinois15.96,152,715975,779
23Maine15.9679,677107,940
12Florida15.710,356,8951,623,149
42Pennsylvania15.66,210,797969,334
10Delaware15481,64172,454
36New York14.99,306,5671,389,935
48Texas14.414,280,8892,051,250
26Michigan13.54,639,810624,313
16Idaho13.3906,878120,392
55Wisconsin13.12,984,569390,479
29Missouri132,959,377384,872
39Ohio135,608,273727,365
44Rhode Island13547,07471,064
47Tennessee12.93,314,309426,680
30Montana12.5540,91067,716
35New Mexico12.2916,223111,722
32Nevada11.91,479,885176,710
20Kansas11.81,454,367171,485
45South Carolina11.52,425,248279,633
19Iowa11.31,611,395182,141
31Nebraska111,013,728112,009
18Indiana10.73,260,273348,650
21Kentucky10.22,017,413206,467
02Alaska9.7353,32134,435
46South Dakota9.7457,55544,388
15Hawaii9.6696,10766,904
40Oklahoma9.41,816,948170,373
56Wyoming9.4286,02826,834
54West Virginia9.1734,00766,491
01Alabama8.82,229,079196,829
05Arkansas8.81,326,796116,719
22Louisiana8.11,988,865161,264
38North Dakota8.1407,48833,149
72Puerto Rico6.11,119,49568,506
28Mississippi5.91,243,12173,435
Methodology

WFH.team retrieves the official ACS 5-year state replicate-estimate file for table B08301. The work-from-home share divides the Worked from home estimate (order 21) by the Total estimate (order 1).

Limitations

ACS estimates have sampling error and represent a multi-year period. This commuting measure is not identical to the BLS telework definition.

Citation generator

Cite the frozen release, not a moving dashboard.

Each citation includes the permanent release URL and revision number.

WFH.team. (2024). U.S. work-from-home participation by state: 2024 (Revision 1) [Data set]. https://wfh.team/research/datasets/us-telework-by-state/2024
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202415.0% of workers in the state estimates worked from homeDecember 31, 2024 · r1