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U.S. telework participation by worker and job characteristics

Monthly telework participation by age, sex, race, education, occupation, industry, and other worker characteristics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Latest finding

21.9% of people at work teleworked for pay in September 2026

What changed: The latest BLS tables cover 131 published worker, occupation, industry, and schedule rows. Counts are in thousands and data are not seasonally adjusted.

People who teleworked21.9%Release value
People who teleworked34,679,000Release value
Teleworked all hours10.7%Release value
Release chartAge and sexShowing 12 of 29 categories; the complete chart appears with the table below.
21.9%Total, 16 years and over
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%Total, 16 years and overTotal, 16 years and overTotal, 16 years and over: 21.9%21.9%16 to 24 years16 to 24 years16 to 24 years: 5.7%5.7%16 to 19 years16 to 19 years16 to 19 years: 2%2%20 to 24 years20 to 24 years20 to 24 years: 7.1%7.1%25 to 54 years25 to 54 years25 to 54 years: 24.5%24.5%25 to 34 years25 to 34 years25 to 34 years: 21.2%21.2%35 to 44 years35 to 44 years35 to 44 years: 26.2%26.2%45 to 54 years45 to 54 years45 to 54 years: 26.2%26.2%55 years and over55 years and over55 years and over: 23.1%23.1%55 to 64 years55 to 64 years55 to 64 years: 22.9%22.9%65 years and over65 years and over65 years and over: 23.7%23.7%Men, 16 years and overMen, 16 years and overMen, 16 years and over: 20.1%20.1%Telework PercentCategory
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Breakdown

Age and sex

Chart viewTotal, 16 years and over: 21.9%
Measure
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%Total, 16 years and overTotal, 16 years and overTotal, 16 years and over: 21.9%21.9%16 to 24 years16 to 24 years16 to 24 years: 5.7%5.7%16 to 19 years16 to 19 years16 to 19 years: 2%2%20 to 24 years20 to 24 years20 to 24 years: 7.1%7.1%25 to 54 years25 to 54 years25 to 54 years: 24.5%24.5%25 to 34 years25 to 34 years25 to 34 years: 21.2%21.2%35 to 44 years35 to 44 years35 to 44 years: 26.2%26.2%45 to 54 years45 to 54 years45 to 54 years: 26.2%26.2%55 years and over55 years and over55 years and over: 23.1%23.1%55 to 64 years55 to 64 years55 to 64 years: 22.9%22.9%65 years and over65 years and over65 years and over: 23.7%23.7%Men, 16 years and overMen, 16 years and overMen, 16 years and over: 20.1%20.1%16 to 24 years16 to 24 years16 to 24 years: 4.8%4.8%25 to 54 years25 to 54 years25 to 54 years: 22.4%22.4%Telework PercentCategory
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Age and sex
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
total-16-years-and-overTotal, 16 years and over21.910.711.234,679158,451
16-to-24-years16 to 24 years5.72.33.41,09219,195
16-to-19-years16 to 19 years21.60.41045,181
20-to-24-years20 to 24 years7.12.54.698814,015
25-to-54-years25 to 54 years24.511.812.725,074102,442
25-to-34-years25 to 34 years21.210.310.97,48735,274
35-to-44-years35 to 44 years26.212.713.59,45436,105
45-to-54-years45 to 54 years26.212.413.88,13331,063
55-years-and-over55 years and over23.112.1118,51336,814
55-to-64-years55 to 64 years22.911.411.55,86025,608
65-years-and-over65 years and over23.713.89.92,65311,206
men-16-years-and-overMen, 16 years and over20.19.310.816,77083,479
16-to-24-years16 to 24 years4.81.734739,926
25-to-54-years25 to 54 years22.410.112.312,09454,048
25-to-34-years25 to 34 years18.98.610.33,55018,826
35-to-44-years35 to 44 years23.711.112.64,50919,016
45-to-54-years45 to 54 years24.910.714.24,03516,206
55-years-and-over55 years and over21.510.710.84,20319,506
55-to-64-years55 to 64 years21.29.711.52,83613,363
65-years-and-over65 years and over22.212.89.41,3676,142
women-16-years-and-overWomen, 16 years and over23.912.311.517,91074,972
16-to-24-years16 to 24 years6.72.83.96199,270
25-to-54-years25 to 54 years26.813.713.212,98048,395
25-to-34-years25 to 34 years23.912.411.63,93816,448
35-to-44-years35 to 44 years28.914.414.54,94517,089
45-to-54-years45 to 54 years27.614.213.44,09814,857
55-years-and-over55 years and over24.913.711.24,31017,308
55-to-64-years55 to 64 years24.713.211.53,02412,244
65-years-and-over65 years and over25.41510.41,2865,064
Breakdown

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Chart viewWhite: 22.5%
Measure
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%WhiteWhiteWhite: 22.5%22.5%MenMenMen: 20.5%20.5%WomenWomenWomen: 24.9%24.9%Black or African AmericanBlack or African AmericanBlack or African American: 15%15%MenMenMen: 11.7%11.7%WomenWomenWomen: 18.2%18.2%AsianAsianAsian: 29.4%29.4%MenMenMen: 31%31%WomenWomenWomen: 27.8%27.8%Hispanic or Latino ethnicityHispanic or Latino ethnicityHispanic or Latino ethnicity: 12.8%12.8%MenMenMen: 10.6%10.6%WomenWomenWomen: 15.4%15.4%Telework PercentCategory
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Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
whiteWhite22.51111.626,092115,762
menMen20.59.311.212,71861,990
womenWomen24.912.91213,37453,772
black-or-african-americanBlack or African American157.77.42,99919,927
menMen11.74.96.81,1329,677
womenWomen18.210.37.91,86710,250
asianAsian29.414.514.93,85013,079
menMen3115.615.42,0976,767
womenWomen27.813.414.41,7536,312
hispanic-or-latino-ethnicityHispanic or Latino ethnicity12.86.16.74,28733,586
menMen10.64.36.31,96218,477
womenWomen15.48.37.12,32415,109
Breakdown

Disability status

Chart viewWith a disability: 24.4%
Measure
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%With a disabilityWith a disabilityWith a disability: 24.4%24.4%With no disabilityWith no disabilityWith no disability: 21.8%21.8%Telework PercentCategory
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Disability status
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
with-a-disabilityWith a disability24.413.710.61,9247,899
with-no-disabilityWith no disability21.810.611.232,755150,553
Breakdown

Foreign born status

Chart viewForeign born: 18.4%
Measure
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%Foreign bornForeign bornForeign born: 18.4%18.4%Native bornNative bornNative born: 22.7%22.7%Telework PercentCategory
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Foreign born status
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
foreign-bornForeign born18.499.35,57630,368
native-bornNative born22.711.111.629,103128,084
Breakdown

Marital status

Chart viewMarried, spouse present: 27.2%
Measure
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%Married, spouse presentMarried, spouse presentMarried, spouse present: 27.2%27.2%Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)Widowed, divorced, or separa…Widowed, divorced, or separated(3): 20.5%20.5%Never marriedNever marriedNever married: 14.7%14.7%Telework PercentCategory
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Marital status
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
married-spouse-presentMarried, spouse present27.213.413.921,99480,818
widowed-divorced-or-separated-3Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)20.510.410.14,38121,321
never-marriedNever married14.777.78,30556,312
Breakdown

Presence of children

Chart viewWith own children under 18: 25.9%
Measure
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%With own children under 18With own children under 18With own children under 18: 25.9%25.9%With no own children under 18With no own children under 18With no own children under 18: 20.1%20.1%Telework PercentCategory
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Presence of children
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
with-own-children-under-18With own children under 1825.912.313.712,40547,858
with-no-own-children-under-18With no own children under 1820.11010.122,274110,593
Breakdown

Educational attainment

Chart viewTotal, 25 years and over: 24.1%
Measure
0%10%20%30%40%50%Total, 25 years and overTotal, 25 years and overTotal, 25 years and over: 24.1%24.1%Less than a high school diplomaLess than a high school dipl…Less than a high school diploma: 4.4%4.4%High school graduates, no college(4)High school graduates, no co…High school graduates, no college(4): 8.3%8.3%Some college or associate degreeSome college or associate de…Some college or associate degree: 18.1%18.1%Bachelor's degree and higher(5)Bachelor's degree and higher…Bachelor's degree and higher(5): 37.8%37.8%Bachelor's degree onlyBachelor's degree onlyBachelor's degree only: 36%36%Advanced degreeAdvanced degreeAdvanced degree: 40.6%40.6%Telework PercentCategory
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Educational attainment
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
total-25-years-and-overTotal, 25 years and over24.111.912.233,587139,256
less-than-a-high-school-diplomaLess than a high school diploma4.42.91.53357,656
high-school-graduates-no-college-4High school graduates, no college(4)8.34.83.52,80433,698
some-college-or-associate-degreeSome college or associate degree18.110.18.16,03233,290
bachelor-s-degree-and-higher-5Bachelor's degree and higher(5)37.817.620.224,41664,612
bachelor-s-degree-onlyBachelor's degree only3617.618.314,12039,243
advanced-degreeAdvanced degree40.617.52310,29625,369
Breakdown

Usual full- or part-time status

Chart viewTotal, 16 years and over: 21.9%
Measure
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%Total, 16 years and overTotal, 16 years and overTotal, 16 years and over: 21.9%21.9%Full-time workersFull-time workersFull-time workers: 23.3%23.3%Part-time workersPart-time workersPart-time workers: 15.2%15.2%Telework PercentCategory
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Usual full- or part-time status
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
total-16-years-and-overTotal, 16 years and over21.910.711.234,679158,451
full-time-workersFull-time workers23.310.912.430,585131,502
part-time-workersPart-time workers15.2105.24,09426,949
Breakdown

Occupation

Chart viewManagement, professional, and related occupations: 35.4%
Measure
0%20%40%60%80%Management, professional, and related occupationsManagement, professional, an…Management, professional, and related occupations: 35.4%35.4%Management, business, and financial operations occupationsManagement, business, and fi…Management, business, and financial operations occupations: 42.9%42.9%Management occupationsManagement occupationsManagement occupations: 37.7%37.7%Business and financial operations occupationsBusiness and financial opera…Business and financial operations occupations: 53.8%53.8%Professional and related occupationsProfessional and related occ…Professional and related occupations: 29.7%29.7%Computer and mathematical occupationsComputer and mathematical oc…Computer and mathematical occupations: 63.7%63.7%Architecture and engineering occupationsArchitecture and engineering…Architecture and engineering occupations: 34.3%34.3%Life, physical, and social science occupationsLife, physical, and social s…Life, physical, and social science occupations: 33.1%33.1%Community and social services occupationsCommunity and social service…Community and social services occupations: 31.4%31.4%Legal occupationsLegal occupationsLegal occupations: 50.6%50.6%Education, training, and library occupationsEducation, training, and lib…Education, training, and library occupations: 13%13%Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupationsArts, design, entertainment,…Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations: 44.4%44.4%Healthcare practitioners and technical occupationsHealthcare practitioners and…Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations: 12.2%12.2%Service occupationsService occupationsService occupations: 5.9%5.9%Telework PercentCategory
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Occupation
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
management-professional-and-related-occupationsManagement, professional, and related occupations35.41718.525,17171,022
management-business-and-financial-operations-occupationsManagement, business, and financial operations occupations42.920.92213,28830,967
management-occupationsManagement occupations37.717.620.17,91420,983
business-and-financial-operations-occupationsBusiness and financial operations occupations53.827.8265,3749,984
professional-and-related-occupationsProfessional and related occupations29.71415.711,88440,055
computer-and-mathematical-occupationsComputer and mathematical occupations63.738.425.34,3406,813
architecture-and-engineering-occupationsArchitecture and engineering occupations34.313.121.21,2123,529
life-physical-and-social-science-occupationsLife, physical, and social science occupations33.11320.15941,796
community-and-social-services-occupationsCommunity and social services occupations31.410.920.58712,775
legal-occupationsLegal occupations50.617.6338661,711
education-training-and-library-occupationsEducation, training, and library occupations133.49.61,2569,653
arts-design-entertainment-sports-and-media-occupationsArts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations44.424.919.51,4723,315
healthcare-practitioners-and-technical-occupationsHealthcare practitioners and technical occupations12.25.17.11,27310,463
service-occupationsService occupations5.93.42.51,49025,284
healthcare-support-occupationsHealthcare support occupations11.38.82.66125,391
protective-service-occupationsProtective service occupations72.74.32133,057
food-preparation-and-serving-related-occupationsFood preparation and serving related occupations1.40.50.91107,801
building-and-grounds-cleaning-and-maintenance-occupationsBuilding and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations3.91.42.52155,488
personal-care-and-service-occupationsPersonal care and service occupations9.65.54.13413,547
sales-and-office-occupationsSales and office occupations23.912.311.66,96129,165
sales-and-related-occupationsSales and related occupations24.311.412.83,31113,655
office-and-administrative-support-occupationsOffice and administrative support occupations23.513.110.53,65015,510
natural-resources-construction-and-maintenance-occupationsNatural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations3.51.32.246813,507
farming-fishing-and-forestry-occupationsFarming, fishing, and forestry occupations6.35.40.9731,161
construction-and-extraction-occupationsConstruction and extraction occupations2.20.41.81667,658
installation-maintenance-and-repair-occupationsInstallation, maintenance, and repair occupations4.91.73.22294,688
production-transportation-and-material-moving-occupationsProduction, transportation, and material moving occupations31.51.558819,474
production-occupationsProduction occupations4.72.81.93527,535
transportation-and-material-moving-occupationsTransportation and material moving occupations20.71.323611,940
Breakdown

Industry

Chart viewAgriculture and related industries: 14%
Measure
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%Agriculture and related industriesAgriculture and related indu…Agriculture and related industries: 14%14%Nonagricultural industriesNonagricultural industriesNonagricultural industries: 22%22%Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extractionMining, quarrying, and oil a…Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction: 11.5%11.5%ConstructionConstructionConstruction: 9.5%9.5%ManufacturingManufacturingManufacturing: 19.2%19.2%Durable goods manufacturingDurable goods manufacturingDurable goods manufacturing: 19.4%19.4%Nondurable goods manufacturingNondurable goods manufacturi…Nondurable goods manufacturing: 18.7%18.7%Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale and retail tradeWholesale and retail trade: 12.6%12.6%Wholesale tradeWholesale tradeWholesale trade: 24.5%24.5%Retail tradeRetail tradeRetail trade: 10.4%10.4%Transportation and utilitiesTransportation and utilitiesTransportation and utilities: 10.1%10.1%Transportation and warehousingTransportation and warehousi…Transportation and warehousing: 7.8%7.8%UtilitiesUtilitiesUtilities: 23.7%23.7%InformationInformationInformation: 53.5%53.5%Telework PercentCategory
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Industry
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
agriculture-and-related-industriesAgriculture and related industries1410.93.13602,579
nonagricultural-industriesNonagricultural industries2210.711.334,319155,872
mining-quarrying-and-oil-and-gas-extractionMining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction11.54.96.668595
constructionConstruction9.53.16.41,08511,441
manufacturingManufacturing19.2811.22,75614,379
durable-goods-manufacturingDurable goods manufacturing19.47.811.51,8609,601
nondurable-goods-manufacturingNondurable goods manufacturing18.78.210.58964,778
wholesale-and-retail-tradeWholesale and retail trade12.65.76.92,41619,129
wholesale-tradeWholesale trade24.510.314.27312,989
retail-tradeRetail trade10.44.85.61,68516,140
transportation-and-utilitiesTransportation and utilities10.14.35.71,02410,186
transportation-and-warehousingTransportation and warehousing7.83.74.16878,764
utilitiesUtilities23.78.215.53371,422
informationInformation53.529.124.41,5662,927
financial-activitiesFinancial activities52.826.726.15,73210,848
finance-and-insuranceFinance and insurance57.630.6274,5667,923
real-estate-and-rental-and-leasingReal estate and rental and leasing39.816.223.71,1652,925
professional-and-business-servicesProfessional and business services43.325.917.49,04620,901
professional-and-technical-servicesProfessional and technical services56.934.622.27,59313,349
management-administrative-and-waste-servicesManagement, administrative, and waste services19.210.48.81,4537,552
education-and-health-servicesEducation and health services16.97.59.46,27337,061
educational-servicesEducational services16.15112,24213,946
health-care-and-social-assistanceHealth care and social assistance17.498.44,03123,114
hospitalsHospitals14.67.47.21,2188,344
health-services-except-hospitalsHealth services, except hospitals18.59.88.72,06611,153
social-assistanceSocial assistance20.71010.67483,617
leisure-and-hospitalityLeisure and hospitality7.93.34.61,02913,086
arts-entertainment-and-recreationArts, entertainment, and recreation18.48.79.76163,344
accommodation-and-food-servicesAccommodation and food services4.21.42.84139,741
other-servicesOther services19.68.111.41,4937,635
other-services-except-private-householdsOther services, except private households208.111.91,4337,170
private-householdsPrivate households12.98.14.860465
public-administrationPublic administration23.88.615.21,8307,686
Breakdown

Class of worker(3)

Chart viewWage and salary workers, excluding incorporated self-employed: 20.3%
Measure
0%10%20%30%40%50%Wage and salary workers, excluding incorporated self-employedWage and salary workers, exc…Wage and salary workers, excluding incorporated self-employed: 20.3%20.3%Private industriesPrivate industriesPrivate industries: 21%21%GovernmentGovernmentGovernment: 16.1%16.1%FederalFederalFederal: 18.4%18.4%StateStateState: 23.6%23.6%LocalLocalLocal: 9.4%9.4%Self-employed workersSelf-employed workersSelf-employed workers: 36.9%36.9%Self-employed workers, incorporatedSelf-employed workers, incor…Self-employed workers, incorporated: 42.1%42.1%Self-employed workers, unincorporatedSelf-employed workers, uninc…Self-employed workers, unincorporated: 33.1%33.1%Telework PercentCategory
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Class of worker(3)
keylabeltelework percentall hours percentsome hours percentteleworked thousandspeople at work thousands
wage-and-salary-workers-excluding-incorporated-self-employedWage and salary workers, excluding incorporated self-employed20.39.610.728,902142,719
private-industriesPrivate industries2110.310.725,410121,078
governmentGovernment16.15.510.73,49221,641
federalFederal18.48.310.17424,038
stateState23.68.315.31,8227,713
localLocal9.42.17.39289,890
self-employed-workersSelf-employed workers36.921.315.65,76915,647
self-employed-workers-incorporatedSelf-employed workers, incorporated42.121.520.72,7706,573
self-employed-workers-unincorporatedSelf-employed workers, unincorporated33.121.111.92,9999,074
Methodology

WFH.team retrieves BLS CPS tables A-41 and A-42 and publishes the displayed counts and percent distributions without changing the official telework definition. Counts are reported in thousands.

Limitations

CPS estimates are survey estimates, are not seasonally adjusted, and may be affected by annual population-control or classification changes. BLS telework is not identical to Census commuting or job-listing measures.

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WFH.team. (2026). U.S. telework participation by worker and job characteristics: 2026-09 (Revision 1) [Data set]. https://wfh.team/research/datasets/us-telework-participation/2026-09
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2026-0921.9% of people at work teleworked for pay in September 2026September 30, 2026 · r12026-0821.6% of people at work teleworked for pay in August 2026August 31, 2026 · r12026-0722.2% of people at work teleworked for pay in July 2026July 31, 2026 · r1